ABSTRACT In-depth knowledge of total soil organic phosphorus (TPO) as a potential P source for plants allows for a comprehensive understanding of the adoption of an efficient management system of phosphorus fertilization in forest plantations. Thus, we aimed to compare three TPO extraction methods (Hedley; Bowman; Bowman and Moir) in different Eucalyptus plantations on strongly weathered soils. The TPO concentrations obtained by the “Hedley” (mean of 130 mg kg–1), and “Bowman and Moir” methods (mean of 131 mg kg–1) were similar. The “Bowman” method extracted less than 50 % of the TPO content extracted by the other methods. Both “Hedley” and “Bowman and Moir” methods showed similar TPO extraction efficiency compared to TP determined by acid digestion. However, the “Hedley” method is the most expensive and time-consuming analytical technique. In view of this, the NaOH+Na2EDTA extractor (Bowman and Moir) would be the most suitable since, in addition to showing high extraction efficiency, it offers fast analysis execution, low analytical error, and lower cost.

RESUMO: O queijo após processado gera o soro de leite, sendo este um resíduo que possui potencial benefício à saúde humana. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos que buscam avaliar a composição e os potenciais benefícios do soro de leite de cabra, mesmo esta sendo uma fonte láctea promissora. Apesar disso, a geração em larga escala deste resíduo pode favorecer o impacto ambiental quando descartado inadequadamente. Em vista disso, a utilização de todo conteúdo gerado na produção de lácteos pode reverter este impacto e aumentar o rendimento da indústria de laticínios. Diante disso, é importante buscar o desenvolvimento de novos produtos para favorecer a redução do impacto gerado. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar um produto em pó, à base de soro de leite de cabra a partir da secagem pela técnica de spray drying e avaliar sua composição físico-química por métodos químicos analíticos e perfil proteico através da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. O produto elaborado apresentou maior teor de carboidratos do que proteína, e a identificação das frações proteicas mostrou que as bandas mais expressivas representavam beta-lactoglobulina e alfa-lactoalbumina. Portanto, o produto elaborado apresenta potencial para geração de novos produtos para consumo humano e com prováveis benefícios à saúde. RESUMO humana entanto promissora disso inadequadamente laticínios Assim pó físicoquímica físico química poliacrilamida proteína betalactoglobulina beta lactoglobulina alfalactoalbumina. alfalactoalbumina alfa lactoalbumina. lactoalbumina alfa-lactoalbumina Portanto

ABSTRACT: The cheese after processing, generates whey, which is a residue that has potential benefit to human health. However, there are still few studies that seek to evaluate the composition and potential benefits of goat milk whey, even though it is a promising dairy source. Despite this, the large-scale generation of this waste can favor the environmental impact when improperly disposed of. Given this, the use of all content of dairy production can reverse this impact and increase the income of the dairy industry. Thus, this research prepared a powdered product based on goat’s milk whey from the spray drying technique and evaluate its physicochemical composition by chemical analytical methods and protein profile through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The elaborated product had a higher carbohydrate content than protein, and the identification of protein fractions showed that the most expressive bands represented beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactoalbumin. Therefore, the elaborated product has the potential to generate novel products for human consumption and with potential health benefits. ABSTRACT processing However source largescale large scale industry Thus goats s electrophoresis betalactoglobulin beta lactoglobulin alphalactoalbumin. alphalactoalbumin alpha lactoalbumin. lactoalbumin alpha-lactoalbumin Therefore

Abstract Background: Facial nerve dysfunction is the principal postoperative complication related to parotidectomy. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the modified Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (mS-FGS) is superior to the original S-FGS in the assessment of facial nerve function following parotidectomy. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study evaluating patients with primary or metastatic parotid neoplasms undergoing parotidectomy with facial nerve-sparing between 2016 and 2020. The subjects were assessed twice, on the first postoperative day and at the first outpatient evaluation, 20-30 days post-surgery. Facial assessments were performed using the original and modified (plus showing the lower teeth) versions of the Sunnybrook System and documented by pictures and video recordings. Intra- and inter-rater agreements regarding the assessment of the new expression were analyzed. Results: 101 patients were enrolled. In both steps, the results from the mS-FGS were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Subjects with a history of previous parotidectomy and those who underwent neck dissection had more severe facial nerve impairment. The mandibular marginal branch was the most frequently injured, affecting 68.3% of the patients on the first postoperative day and 52.5% on the first outpatient evaluation. Twenty patients (19.8%) presented an exclusive marginal mandibular branch lesion. The inter-rater agreement of the new expression assessment ranged from substantial to almost perfect. The intra-rater agreement was almost perfect (wk = 0.951). Conclusion: The adoption of the Modified Sunnybrook System, which includes evaluation of the mandibular marginal branch, increases the accuracy of post-parotidectomy facial nerve dysfunction appraisal.

Resumo Antecedentes: A disfunção do nervo facial é a principal complicação pós-operatória relacionada à parotidectomia. Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que o sistema Sunnybrook de graduação facial modificado (mS-FGS) é superior ao S-FGS original na avaliação da função do nervo facial após parotidectomia. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo avaliando o pós-operatório de pacientes com neoplasias parotídeas primárias ou metastáticas, submetidos à parotidectomia com preservação do nervo facial, entre 2016 e 2020. Os indivíduos foram avaliados duas vezes, no primeiro dia de pós-operatório e na primeira avaliação ambulatorial, 20-30 dias após a cirurgia. As avaliações faciais foram realizadas usando as versões original e modificada (que incluem mostrar os dentes inferiores) do sistema Sunnybrook e documentadas por fotos e vídeos. Foram adicionalmente analisadas as concordâncias intra e interexaminadoras da avaliação da nova expressão. Resultados: Cento e um pacientes foram incluídos. Em ambas as etapas, os resultados do mS-FGS foram significativamente menores (p < 0,001). Indivíduos com história de parotidectomia prévia e aqueles submetidos ao esvaziamento cervical apresentaram comprometimento mais grave do nervo facial. O ramo marginal mandibular foi o mais afetado, acometendo 68,3% dos pacientes no primeiro dia de pós-operatório e 52,5% na primeira avaliação ambulatorial. Vinte pacientes (19,8%) apresentaram lesão exclusiva do ramo marginal mandibular. A concordância interexaminadores da avaliação da nova expressão variou de substancial a quase perfeita. A concordância intraexaminador foi quase perfeita (wk = 0,951). Conclusão: A adoção do sistema Sunnybrook modificado, que inclui a análise do ramo marginal mandibular, aumenta a precisão da avaliação da disfunção do nervo facial pós-parotidectomia.

Abstract Introduction: recent studies have suggested the use of neck circumference as a parameter capable of identifying risks of cardiometabolic complications and the accumulation of truncal fat caused by both antiretroviral therapy and the lifestyle of people with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and anthropometric indicators and to assess cardiometabolic risk and truncal obesity through proposed cut-off points. Methods: cross-sectional study including 233 people with HIV. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The anthropometric evaluation included: weight, height, body mass index (BMI) measurements; waist (WC), neck (NC), arm and arm muscle circumferences; triceps and subscapular skinfolds and their sum. ROC curves were constructed to determine the accuracy of NC in predicting cardiometabolic risk in people living with HIV. Results: the sample was 57.5 % male, with a mean age of 38.4 years (95 % CI: 37.2-39.7 years). NC showed a positive and significant correlation with all anthropometric variables analyzed (p < 0.05), and a higher correlation strength with WC and BMI. The NC cut-off point selected as a predictor of risk of cardiac metabolic complications and truncal obesity in women was ≥ 32.4 cm, considering both WC and BMI. For men, the NC cut-off points were different when considering WC (≥ 39.6 cm) and BMI (≥ 38.1 cm) as a reference. It is worth noting that NC performed well in ROC curve analysis for men, while in women it was a poor performance. Conclusion: NC proved to be a promising indicator in the assessment of nutrition and health of people living with HIV, especially in men.

Resumen Introducción: estudios recientes han sugerido el uso de la circunferencia del cuello como parámetro capaz de identificar los riesgos de complicaciones cardiometabólicas y la acumulación de grasa troncal causados tanto por la terapia antirretroviral como por el estilo de vida de las personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Objetivo: investigar la relación entre la circunferencia del cuello y los indicadores antropométricos y evaluar el riesgo cardiometabólico y la obesidad troncal a través de los puntos de corte propuestos. Métodos: estudio transversal que incluyó a 233 personas con VIH. Se recogieron datos demográficos, socioeconómicos, de estilo de vida y clínicos mediante un cuestionario estructurado. La evaluación antropométrica incluyó: medidas de peso, altura, índice de masa corporal (IMC); circunferencias de cintura (CC), cuello (CN), brazo (CA) y músculo del brazo (MCB); pliegues cutáneos del tríceps y subescapular y su suma. Se construyeron curvas ROC para determinar la precisión de la CN en la predicción del riesgo cardiometabólico en personas que viven con el VIH. Resultados: el 57,5 % de la muestra eran varones, con una edad media de 38,4 años (IC 95 %: 37,2-39,7 años). La CN mostró una correlación positiva y significativa (p < 0,05) con todas las variables antropométricas analizadas, y una mayor fuerza de correlación con la CC y el IMC. El punto de corte de la CN seleccionado como predictor de riesgo de complicaciones metabólicas cardiacas y obesidad troncular en mujeres fue ≥ 32,4 cm, considerando tanto la CC como el IMC. En el caso de los hombres, los puntos de corte de la CN fueron diferentes al considerar como referencia la CC (≥ 39,6 cm) y el IMC (≥ 38,1 cm). Cabe destacar que la CN obtuvo buenos resultados en el análisis de la curva ROC en el caso de los hombres, mientras que en el de las mujeres fue deficiente. Conclusión: la CN demostró ser un indicador prometedor en la evaluación de la nutrición y la salud de las personas que viven con el VIH, especialmente en los hombres.

Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de COVID-19 en niños chilenos hospitalizados en unidades de paciente crítico pediátrico (UPCP) y evaluar factores de riesgo para COVID-19 severo. Pacientes y Método: Estudio multicéntrico cohorte prospectivo, pacientes 0-18 años con SARS-CoV-2 confirmado hospitalizados en UPCP. Se registraron variables clínicas, laboratorio, imagenológicas y terapéuticas. Se comparó “COVID-19 leve/moderado” versus “COVID-19 severo” utilizando mediana con rango intercuartil (RIC), test U Mann-Whitney, Test Fisher de dos colas y análisis multivariado binario forward para ajuste de variables para “COVID-19 severo”. Significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: 219 pacientes, 55,3% hombres, mediana edad 86 meses (RIC: 13,5-156). Comorbilidades principales: obesidad, enfermedades respiratorias. Mortalidad global: 3,6%. “COVID-19 severo” (26,5%) mostró más leucopenia, linfopenia, más inflamación y alteración de órganos (p < 0,05). También desarrolló más Sepsis/shock, SDRA y disfunción de órganos, requirió más terapia hemodinámica, antiinflamatoria, anticoagulación, antibioterapia, con mayor estadía en UPCP/hospitalaria (p < 0,05) y mortalidad de 13,8%. Factores de riesgo asociados a “COVID-19 severo”: shock al ingreso (aOR 28,44 [IC95%: 10,45-77,4]), obesidad (aOR 3,55 [IC95%: 1,3-9,6]), condensación (aOR 3,1 [IC95%: 1,1-8,7]), atelectasia (aOR: 8.7 [IC95%: 1,17-64,3]), corticoides dosis de estrés (aOR 7,7 [IC95%: 1,9-30,6]), antibioterapia precoz (aOR: 12,02 [IC95%: 1,11-130,02]), inmunodeficiencia adquirida/ congénita (aOR: 19,2 [IC95%: 1,19-321]) y patología oncológica (aOR: 10,7 [IC95%: 2,14-47,8]). Conclusión: En esta cohorte pediátrica chilena, el perfil de paciente que ingresó a UPCP fue de sexo masculino en edad escolar con comorbilidad asociada. Factores de riesgo asociados a COVID-19 severo fueron: presencia de comorbilidades (inmunodeficiencia adquirida/congénita, patología oncológica y obesidad), shock al ingreso y condensaciones en las imágenes radiológicas.

Abstract: Objectives: To characterize the COVID-19 disease profile in Chilean children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and to evaluate risk factors associated with severe COVID-19. Patients and Method: A multicenter prospective cohort study with patients 0-18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in PICU. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, and therapeutic variables were recorded. We compared ”mild/moderate COVID-19” with ’’severe COVID-19” using median with interquartile range (IQR), Mann-Whitney U test, two-tailed Fisher’s test, and forward binary multivariate analysis to adjust variables for “severe COVID-19”. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: From 16 PICUs, 219 patients were recruited, 55.3% were male, with a median age of 86 months (IQR: 13.5-156). The most frequent comorbidities were obesity and respiratory diseases. Overall mortality was 3.6%. “Severe COVID-19” (26.5%) showed more leukopenia, lymphopenia, increased inflammatory parameters, and altered organ function (p < 0.05). It also developed more sepsis/shock, ARDS, and organ dysfunction, requiring more hemodynamic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulation, and antibiotic therapy, with a longer stay in the PICU/hospital (p < 0.05), and 13.8% of mortality. Risk factors associated with “severe COVID-19” were shock on admission to the PICU [aOR 28.44 (95%CI 10.45-77.4)], obesity [aOR 3.55 (95%CI 1.3-9.6)], consolidation [aOR 3.1 (95%CI 1.1 -8.7)], atelectasis [aOR: 8.7 (95%CI 1.17-64.3)], stress dose of corticosteroids [aOR 7.7 (95%CI 1.9-30.6)], early antibiotic therapy [aOR: 12.02 (95%CI 1.11-130.02)], acquired/congenital immunodeficiency [aOR: 19.2 (95%CI: 1.19-321)], and oncological pathology [aOR 10.7 (95%CI 2.14-47.8)]. Conclusion: In this Chilean pediatric cohort, most patients with COVID-19 admitted to de PICU were male, of school age, with associated comorbidity. Risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 were the presence of comorbidities such as acquired/congenital immunodeficiency, oncological pathology, and obesity, in addition to shock on admission and consolidations on X-rays.

Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.

A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento.

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the main challenges in agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Salicylic acid application may be a strategy to mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress on plant growth. Basil (Ocimum basilicum ) is a medicinal, spice, and ornamental plant grown around the world that has its growth reduced by salt stress. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate salicylic acid in mitigating the damage caused by salt stress in ‘Cinnamon’ basil. Growth was evaluated at 90 days after the start of irrigation with saline water. Salicylic acid application attenuates the harmful effects of salt stress on the number of leaves, number of inflorescences, leaf dry mass, inflorescence dry mass, root dry mass, seed mass, leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf mass ratio, root mass ratio, inflorescence mass ratio, Dickson quality index, sclerophilia index, robustness quotient and shoot root ratio. Salt stress decreased plant height, stem diameter, stem dry mass, and stem mass ratio of basil ‘Cinnamon’. Salicylic acid can be used to lessen the harmful effects of salt stress on basil ‘Cinnamon’.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a vegetable diet compared to a diet containing fishmeal at the commercial level (6%) on bodygrowth, proximal composition offillets and haematological parameters of juvenil gamitana (Colossoma macropomum). The experiment followed a completely randomized design with two treatments, an exclusively vegetable diet and a diet with low fishmeal content (6%), and three 200 m3 dug earthen ponds as experimental units per treatment. A total of 1200 fish (172.9 g;19.4 cm) distributed in the six ponds (1 fish/m3) were used. Feeding was done twice a day (08:00 and 16:00) at a daily feeding rate of 2% for 60 days. The water quality parameters were monitored daily and showed constant values and within the comfort range of the species. The exclusively vegetable diet had a similar effect as the fishmeal diet on body growth [final weight 258.9 g, weight gain 86.1 g, supplied feed 128.4 g, feed conversion 1.24, relative growth rate 1.74%/day, factor of condition 1.91, 0% mortality], the proximal composition of fillets [moisture 77.90%, ash 1.39%, protein 18.98%, lipid 0.86%], as well as in the hematological parameters. It is concluded that an exclusively vegetable diet can be used for the rearing of juvenile gamitana, contributing to the sustainability of its production and reduction of feeding costs.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de una dieta vegetal en comparación con una dieta conteniendo harina de pescado al nivel comercial (6%) sobre el crecimiento corporal, composición proximal del músculo y parámetros hematológicos de juveniles de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum). El experimento siguió un diseño completamente al azar con dos tratamientos, una dieta exclusivamente vegetal y una dieta con bajo contenido de harina de pescado (6%), y tres estanques de tierra excavados de 200 m3 como unidades experimentales por tratamiento. Se trabajó con 1200 peces (172.9 g; 19.4 cm) distribuidos en los seis estanques (1 pez/m3). La alimentación se hizo dos veces al día (08:00 y 16:00) a una tasa de alimentación diaria de 2% durante 60 días. Los parámetros de calidad de agua fueron monitoreados diariamente y mostraron valores constantes y dentro del rango de confort de la especie. La dieta exclusivamente vegetal causó similar efecto que la dieta con harina de pescado sobre el crecimiento corporal [peso final 258.9 g, ganancia de peso 86.1 g, alimento ofrecido 128.4 g, conversión alimenticia 1.24, tasa de crecimiento relativo 1.74%/día, factor de condición 1.91, 0% de mortalidad], la composición proximal del músculo [humedad 77.90%, cenizas 1.39%, proteínas 18.98%, lípidos 0.86%], así como en los parámetros hematológicos. Se concluye que una dieta exclusivamente vegetal puede ser utilizada para la crianza de juveniles de gamitana contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad de su producción y reducción de costos por alimentación.

Abstract The complexity of the problems related to the harmful use of substances requires regular questioning of practices. This article aims to explore the acceptability and applicability of an intervention programme for patients with problematic substance use. Qualitative study. Data collection, through a focus group with 6 nurses and 6 semi-structured interviews with patients under treatment. We have used lexicographic textual analysis. From the focus group, 151 text segments were analysed, retaining 85.8% of the total for the creation of five classes. An analysis of similarity led to the formation of two central nuclei, represented by the words “Nursing” and “Intervention”. From interviews, 252 text segments were analysed, retaining 71.83% for the creation of 5 classes. An analysis of similarity led to the formation of three central nuclei, represented by the words “want”, “programme” and “see”. Nurses recognise the need for a more structured and flexible approach focused on people’s needs. Users also affirm the need for flexible interventions, without a pre-established time frame, that promote labour integration, therapeutic support for abstinence and management of comorbidities.

Resumo A complexidade dos problemas relacionados com o uso problemático de substâncias requer questionamento regular das práticas. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a aceitabilidade e a aplicabilidade de um programa de intervenção com pessoas dependentes de substâncias. Estudo qualitativo. Recolha de dados, realizada através de 1 grupo focal com 6 enfermeiros e 6 entrevistas semiestruturadas a usuários em tratamento. Utilizou-se à análise textual lexicográfica. No grupo focal, foram analisados 151 segmentos de texto, retendo 85,8% do total para a criação de cinco classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de dois núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: Enfermeiro e Intervenção. Das entrevistas, foram analisados 252 segmentos de texto, retendo 71,83% para a criação de 5 classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de três núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: querer, programa e ver. Os enfermeiros reconhecem a necessidade de uma abordagem mais estruturada, centrada nas necessidades das pessoas e flexível. Os usuários, acrescentam a necessidade de ser flexível, sem tempo definido à partida, promovendo trabalho, suporte terapêutico para abstinência e gestão das comorbilidades.

ABSTRACT Garden pansy is a versatile gardening plant – it produces beautiful colorful edible-flowers with high value in gourmet cuisine. The use of irrigation and biotechnology in garden pansy cultivation can provide gains in flower productivity and nutritional value. The goal of this study was to evaluate the growth and edible flower production in garden pansy plants, submitted to different levels of irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in the 2 x 5 factorial design, with the presence and absence of mycorrhizal inoculation in combination with 5 levels of irrigation with 6 replicates, in a greenhouse. There was no significant interaction between the factors mycorrhizal inoculation and irrigation levels by the F test. Under the tested conditions, the mycorrhizal inoculation was unable to provide significant changes in the growth, development and flowering of garden pansy plants. It was concluded that no symbiotic efficiency was pointed out between the mycorrhizal fungus used and garden pansy plants. The best growth and yield results for cultivating and producing edible flowers of garden pansy were obtained at the 100% replenishment level of water evaporation.

Abstract Natrosol and Aristoflex® AVC polymers are widely applied in the cosmetic industry and have recently been applied as a thickener option in the composition of dental bleaching gels, with the purpose to reduce the adverse effects on enamel mineral components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color variation (ΔE* ab, ΔE00, ∆WID), surface roughness (Ra), and mineral content quantification (Raman Spectroscopy) of dental enamel after bleaching treatment with experimental gel-based on 10% carbamide peroxide (CP), containing Carbopol, Natrosol, and Aristoflex® AVC. Sixty bovine teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10): Negative Control (NC) - no treatment; Positive Control (PC) - Whiteness Perfect 10% - FGM; CP with Carbopol (CPc); CP with Natrosol (CPn); CP with Aristoflex® AVC (CPa); NCP - no thickener. Data were analyzed, and generalized linear models (∆WID -T0 x T1) were used for repeated measurements in time for Ra and with a study factor for ΔE* ab and ΔE00. For the evaluation of the mineral content, data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. For enamel topographic surface analysis the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was performed. A significance level of 5% was considered. ΔE* ab and ΔE00 were significantly higher for CPc, CPn, CPa, and NCP groups. (∆WID) showed a significantly lower mean than the other groups for NC in T1. After bleaching (4-hour daily application for 14 days), Ra was higher in the CPc, CPn, and PC groups. For CPa, Ra was not altered. No significant difference was found in the quantification of mineral content. CPa preserved the surface smoothness more effectively. Aristoflex® AVC is a viable option for application as a thickener in dental bleaching gels, presenting satisfactory performance, and maintaining the whitening efficacy of the gel, with the advantage of preserving the surface roughness of tooth enamel without significant loss of mineral content.

Resumo Os polímeros Natrosol e Aristoflex® AVC são amplamente utilizados na indústria cosmética e foram recentemente aplicados como uma opção de espessante na composição de géis de clareamento dental, com o objetivo de reduzir os efeitos adversos sobre os componentes minerais do esmalte. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação de cor (ΔE*ab, ΔE00, ∆WID), rugosidade da superfície (Ra), e quantificação do conteúdo mineral (Raman Spectroscopy) do esmalte dentário após clareamento dental com gel experimental baseado em 10% de peróxido de carbamida (CP), contendo Carbopol, Natrosol e Aristoflex® AVC. Sessenta dentes bovinos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n=10): Controle Negativo (CN) - sem tratamento; Controle Positivo (CP) - Brancura Perfeita 10% - FGM; CP com Carbopol (CPc); CP com Natrosol (CPn); CP com Aristoflex® AVC (CPa); NCP - sem espessante. Os dados foram analisados e modelos lineares generalizados (∆WID -T0 x T1) foram usados para medições repetidas no tempo para Ra e com um fator de estudo para ΔE*ab e ΔE00. Para a avaliação do conteúdo mineral, os dados foram submetidos a testes unidirecionais de ANOVA e Tukey. Para a análise da superfície topográfica do esmalte, o Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (SEM) foi realizado. Um nível de significância de 5% foi considerado. ΔE*ab e ΔE00 foram significativamente maiores para os grupos CPc, CPn, CPa e NCP. (∆WID) mostrou uma média significativamente menor do que os outros grupos para NC em T1. Após o clareamento (aplicação diária de 4 horas por 14 dias), Ra foi maior nos grupos CPc, CPn e PC. Para CPa, Ra não foi alterado. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada na quantificação do conteúdo mineral. O CPa preservou a suavidade da superfície de forma mais eficaz. Aristoflex® AVC é uma opção viável para aplicação como espessante em géis de clareamento dental, apresentando desempenho satisfatório e mantendo a eficácia clareadora do gel, com a vantagem de preservar a rugosidade da superfície do esmalte dentário sem perda significativa de conteúdo mineral.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe homocysteine concentrations in overweight and obese children and adolescents and relate them to blood pressure levels, renal function, and insulin resistance. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and observational study with 64 overweight children and adolescents (mean age: 11.6±3.5 years) in outpatient follow-up. The following parameters were evaluated: body mass index z-score, waist-to-height circumference ratio, pubertal stage, blood pressure, serum homocysteine, glycemia, insulin, lipid profile, renal function, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria, and creatinuria. Statistical analysis: analysis of variance and logistic regression (dependent variable: homocysteine) (p<0.05). RESULTS: The mean body mass index z-score was 2.9±1.1. The mean homocysteine concentrations were 8.6±2.2 μmol/L (10th and 90th percentiles: 6.6 and 11.2 μmol/L, respectively), with no difference when compared with children with severe obesity and obesity/overweight (p=0.431). High values of waist-to-height ratio (93.8%), systolic blood pressure (18.8%), diastolic blood pressure (12.5%), glycemia (4.7%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (31.1%), triglycerides (35.9%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (34.4%), and microalbuminuria (21.9%) were obtained. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 122.9±24.6 mL/min/1.73 m². Homocysteine concentrations were not associated with any of the studied variables (R²=0.095). CONCLUSION: Homocysteine concentrations in overweight children and adolescents (mean 8.6±2.2 μmol/L) were not associated with body mass index z-score, blood pressure, renal function, and insulin resistance.

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to relate the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) score with the presence or absence of fragility fracture in the population over 60 years of age. Methods The risk of sarcopenia was determined through the application of the SARC-F questionnaire, and the patients were divided into 2 groups, according to the occurrence or not of fragility fracture (n = 100). Results Thirty-two cases of distal radius fractures and eighteen cases of proximal femur fractures were identified. A higher score on the SARC-F is determinant between having or not a fragility fracture, estimating that for each point in the score there is a 70% increase in the chance of a patient having a fracture, regardless of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion There was a direct correlation between a higher score on the SARC-F and an increase in the chance of fragility fracture.

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo relacionar o escore strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) com a presença ou não de fratura por fragilidade na população acima de 60 anos. Métodos O risco de sarcopenia foi determinado por meio da aplicação do questionário SARC-F, sendo os pacientes divididos em 2 grupos, de acordo com a ocorrência ou não de fratura por fragilidade (n = 100). Resultados Foram levantados 32 casos de fratura de rádio distal e 18 casos de fratura de fêmur proximal. Uma maior pontuação no SARC-F determina bem entre ter ou não ter fratura por fragilidade, estimando que a cada ponto a mais no escore há um acréscimo de 70% na chance de o paciente ter fratura, independentemente da idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Conclusão Houve correlação direta entre uma maior pontuação no SARC-F e aumento na chance de fratura por fragilidade.